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Impacts of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments amongst people affected by leprosy in Cebu, the Philippines
Noriko Boku
  Noriko Boku
Affiliation
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
Correspondence to: Noriko Boku, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan (e-mail: noriko.boku@gmail.com)
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a,*
Diana N. J. Lockwood
  Diana N. J. Lockwood
Affiliation
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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a
Maria Victoria Balagon
  Maria Victoria Balagon
Affiliation
Leonard Wood Memorial, Cebu, The Philippines, P.O. Box 727, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
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b
Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo
  Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo
Affiliation
Leonard Wood Memorial, Cebu, The Philippines, P.O. Box 727, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
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b
Armi A. Maghanoy
  Armi A. Maghanoy
Affiliation
Leonard Wood Memorial, Cebu, The Philippines, P.O. Box 727, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
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b
Irene B. Mallari
  Irene B. Mallari
Affiliation
Leonard Wood Memorial, Cebu, The Philippines, P.O. Box 727, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
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b
Hugh Cross
  Hugh Cross
Affiliation
ALM Prevention of Disability Consultant, Ayala Center, Cebu City, The Philippines
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c
Purpose:

To quantify the impact of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments in people affected by leprosy.

 Subjects and Methods:

Three interview-based questionnaires designed to measure activity limitation, participation restriction, and general self-efficacy were used to collect data from three Groups. Group 1: leprosy affected people with visible impairment, Group 2: newly diagnosed leprosy patients with no visible impairment, Group 3: patients with other skin diseases symptomatic for more than 1 month.

 Results:

One hundred and eight subjects were recruited. The subjects with visible impairments (Group 1) had higher levels of participation restriction than those with skin disease (P0.012), and participation restriction was similar between subjects in Groups 2 and 3 (P0.305). The people in Group 1 (35 subjects) also reported significantly more activity limitation compared to the people in either Group 2 (35 subjects) or Group 3 (38 subjects) (P 0.001, respectively). The subjects in Group 2 had no significant activity limitation compared with those in Group 3 (P0.338). A multivariate analysis showed that severe visible impairment was a risk factor for activity limitation (odds ratio 5.68, 95% CI: 1.09–29.7, P0.039) and a low level of self-efficacy (Odds ratio 6.38, 95% CI: 1.06–38.3, P0.043) among people affected by leprosy.

 Conclusion:

Visible impairments affected the activities and attitudes of people affected by leprosy. However, others without visible impairment, had activity limitations, participation restrictions and levels of general self-efficacy that were similar to patients with other skin diseases. Prevention of visible impairments should be considered a key intervention for stigma reduction.
Cite this article
Noriko Boku, Diana N. J. Lockwood, Maria Victoria Balagon, Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo, Armi A. Maghanoy, Irene B. Mallari, Hugh Cross;
Impacts of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments amongst people affected by leprosy in Cebu, the Philippines; Leprosy Review; 2010; 81; 2; 111-120; DOI: 10.47276/lr.81.2.111
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DOI: 10.47276/lr.81.2.111

articleview.journal_title: Leprosy Review
articleview.publisher: British Leprosy Relief Association
articleview.publisher_location: Colchester, UK
articleview.article_date_pre accepted on 01 June 2010 and articleview.pub_on 01 June 2010
© Lepra 2010
LEPROSY
Leprosy Review
0305-7518
British Leprosy Relief Association
Colchester, UK
11-1120
0305-7518/10/064053+10
10.47276/lr.81.2.111
Original Papers
Impacts of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments amongst people affected by leprosy in Cebu, the Philippines
BokuNoriko
a
LockwoodDiana N. J.
a
BalagonMaria Victoria
b
PardilloFe Eleanor F.
b
MaghanoyArmi A.
b
MallariIrene B.
b
CrossHugh
c
a
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
b
Leonard Wood Memorial, Cebu, The Philippines, P.O. Box 727, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
c
ALM Prevention of Disability Consultant, Ayala Center, Cebu City, The Philippines
Correspondence to: Noriko Boku, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan (e-mail: )
01062010
81
2
111
120
01062010
© Lepra
2010
Purpose:
To quantify the impact of the diagnosis of leprosy and of visible impairments in people affected by leprosy.
Subjects and Methods:
Three interview-based questionnaires designed to measure activity limitation, participation restriction, and general self-efficacy were used to collect data from three Groups. Group 1: leprosy affected people with visible impairment, Group 2: newly diagnosed leprosy patients with no visible impairment, Group 3: patients with other skin diseases symptomatic for more than 1 month.
Results:
One hundred and eight subjects were recruited. The subjects with visible impairments (Group 1) had higher levels of participation restriction than those with skin disease (P0.012), and participation restriction was similar between subjects in Groups 2 and 3 (P0.305). The people in Group 1 (35 subjects) also reported significantly more activity limitation compared to the people in either Group 2 (35 subjects) or Group 3 (38 subjects) (P 0.001, respectively). The subjects in Group 2 had no significant activity limitation compared with those in Group 3 (P0.338). A multivariate analysis showed that severe visible impairment was a risk factor for activity limitation (odds ratio 5.68, 95% CI: 1.09–29.7, P0.039) and a low level of self-efficacy (Odds ratio 6.38, 95% CI: 1.06–38.3, P0.043) among people affected by leprosy.
Conclusion:
Visible impairments affected the activities and attitudes of people affected by leprosy. However, others without visible impairment, had activity limitations, participation restrictions and levels of general self-efficacy that were similar to patients with other skin diseases. Prevention of visible impairments should be considered a key intervention for stigma reduction.